The Gas hydrates are solid formations created when natural gas interacts with water under highly pressurized cold environments. Methane hydrates, the most common form, are found beneath marine sediments and Arctic permafrost. Hydrates were once considered a geological curiosity, but now they are seen as a major energy resource with potential to power future generations. Their appearance resembles white or translucent chunks of compacted ice. The gas is stored inside microscopic water cages, technically known as clathrate structures. Because so much gas is packed into solid form, gas hydrates are considered more concentrated than liquefied natural gas (LNG) in some contexts.

The challenges surrounding hydrates are significant. Warming oceans, drilling disturbances, or natural seafloor movement can cause hydrates to break down, releasing methane into the water or atmosphere. This raises concerns about ocean ecology and global climate stability. In energy infrastructure, hydrates are known to form blockages in long subsea pipelines, leading to flow disruptions. To manage this, pipeline operators apply chemical hydrate suppressants or carefully balance pressure-temperature conditions. Research organizations are studying production methods like controlled depressurization, gas swapping with CO₂, and reservoir heating to safely extract methane without destabilization. Gas hydrate studies are now crucial for both energy security and climate risk forecasting, especially in methane-rich regions.